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Swahili
Swahili Situations
The African Flagship Language Initiative for Swahili uses a culture-centered approach to language learning through highly contextualized real-world scenarios.
While developing their proficiency in the Swahili language as spoken in Tanzania and Kenya, students also learn about differences in cultural norms and perceptions of appropriate behavior between their own culture and East African culture.
Each scenario includes a judgment task at the end to allow students to share their opinions and make decisions about a given situation. After that, students receive expert feedback to help them assess the cultural appropriateness of their decisions in the context of the scenario. Additionally, each scenario asks students to complete a role-playing activity that encourages them to have productive discussions with their cohort about the cultural norms presented in each scenario.
Instructional Settings
SitchLab is designed to be delivered as a supplement to intensive language study. But it can be used as a standalone tool as well. The material in SitchLab is best delivered to cohorts of students that will be either studying the same language or living at the same site abroad.
SitchLab materials are best supported by roundtable discussions that are moderated by program staff familiar with the host culture and the academic program that students are on. These round table discussions help guide the students through the reflection tasks that are included at the end of each scenario to better understand why scenarios unfolded the way they did and to explore the expert feedback and culture notes that were provided at the completion of the judgment task.
If used in a classroom setting, scenarios or judgment tasks can be assigned as homework. Materials can also be adapted for use in classroom activities based on student level. For example, students at the elementary level can perform the scenario in class in a role-play activity whereas intermediate and advanced level students can write a summary of the assigned scenario and their agreement or disagreement with the experts’ feedback in the target language. Students can discuss the Reflection tasks and Extension tasks in class as well.
Situation Length and Language
Situations are designed to be concise so that students can read a scenario, complete the reflection task, complete the judgment task and prepare notes for a roundtable discussion in one sitting. The scenarios are also developed to be easily accessed by mobile devices for students that prefer that platform.
All of the SitchLab scenarios are presented in English and contain only enough target language vocabulary as is necessary to explain cultural expressions that might be specific to the scenario. This is to allow students of varying levels of language proficiency to contribute to the conversation and benefit from the scenarios. In practice, if there is a large enough cohort of advanced students the recommendation is that they conduct the round table discussions in the target language, whereas novice or intermediate students might benefit from English discussions.
Extension and Reflection Tasks
Situations are followed by reflection and extension tasks.
The reflection tasks are questions for the students to ponder and prepare responses to share during the roundtable discussion. The reflection task questions are the starting point for a roundtable moderator to walk students through conversations that explore student impressions from the expert feedback and the judgment task.
Conversations in the round table help students talk through their preconceptions of the host culture and further explore how their own perceptions, their beliefs will affect their stay abroad.
Modules
Tribes/”Kabila”, the Rural/urban Divide, and Getting Around
Kabila in Kenya and Tanzania
- What tribe would you prefer to marry?
- Mimi si Mchina!! (I’m not Chinese!)
- But, what’s the problem with that?
Tanzanian/Kenyan Cities Versus Villages
- Should I carry live chicken from rural relatives to my host family in the city?
- It’s all about respect.
- Is it the same country?
Getting Around in Tanzania and Kenya
- Why should I greet people I don’t know?
- What do you mean “matatu hapana jaa”? This ‘thing’ is full to the brim?
- That’s not the price we agreed on!!
Religious Beliefs and Practices in East Africa
Christianity in mainland Tanzania
- Why do I need to pray for the food…
- I’m not coming here again…
Islam in Zanzibar
- One call can be enough for the whole city……
- What’s the problem since I’m not fasting
Traditional religion in Kenya/Tanzania
- But they say they believe in God….
- Then why traditional medicine?
Where are the atheists?
- But it’s not necessary to be in one of the two….
- Do these people even exist here?
Economic Systems in East Africa
The rural-urban divide
- Do all those people own that farm?
- They told me Swahili is their national language
The Informal Economy
- What are men doing then?
- Why chase them for doing business?
Innovations in Kenya and Tanzania
- How do I get a chance to see what they are doing?
- Are these made in Tanzania?
M-PESA
- Will she receive the money?
- I did not participate in anything, how did I win this money?
Customer Service Culture in East Africa
The application process for official documents Introduction
- Why do I need to submit paper copies of documents that I have uploaded online?
- You said it would only take one week!
Police Services
- You said I would get my stolen phone back…
- I didn’t violate any rules, why have I been stopped?
Health Services
- Why am I sharing my hospital room with so many people?
- Why are they not attending to me?
Housing & Shopping
- You’re being unfair…
- Wait, so there’s no warranty?
Navigating Shifting Norms in East African Society
Social Media
- “This is a project platform, not an advertising channel..”
Nightlife
- In a city nightclub, you cannot trust anyone, especially strangers.
- So, you are not a “real” Maasai?
Societal violence
- This place is not safe!
- Hide me, please!
Workplace Culture in East Africa
Formalities
- What’s the problem, it’s her name!
- Wow, they could have just invited him to talk!
Social life within the office environment
- Why should I attend this?
- Why should I contribute to the wedding in the office?
Professional personal relationships
- We could use all this time to work!
- Why can’t they say they’re dating?
Expected dressing code in Kenya/Tanzania
- You can not dress like that at the office…!
- It’s none of their business!
Animals in East Africa
Domestic Pets
- “Don’t you want to have human children? An animal is not a child”
- You cannot bring a chameleon as a pet in our homestay!
Farm animals
- My Boyfriend killed my baby chicken Doris for dinner!!
- That’s my favorite cow and her baby!
Working Animals
- “Mbwa Kali” means dogs are for security, not pets!
- Did you have to hit it?
Wild animals
- What is wrong with taking a selfie with a giraffe in the park?
- “I have come to Africa to save the lions!”
Taboos – East Africa
Interacting with Elders
- He’s wrong, I have to correct him!
- I’m done eating, why can’t I leave the table?
Ceremonial Conduct
- I think something is not ok!
- Oh No! Enjoying an aroma is taboo?
Female Reproductive Health
- But why should I hide my periods…?
- I thought I was recognizing her pregnancy…
Community Context – Public Display of Affection
- I know it’s his wife but he can’t do that in public!
- Don’t do that, it brings a bad omen!
Language and Associations in East Africa
Standard Swahili Language
- Have you studied Kistandadi (Standard Swahili)?
- Why Does Zanzibar have its own dictionary, yet standard Swahili is based on Kiunguja?
Kabila-based accents of Swahili
- “Mimi Hajasemesha wewe Kimaasai” (I haven’t spoken to you in Maasai language)
- “Swahili si mdomo changu” (Swahili is not my mother tongue) – Dholuo-based code-mixing in Kenya
Sheng: A Kenyan Linguistic Phenomenon
- Why spend weeks teaching ‘shikamoo” when nobody says “Shikamoo” in Kenya?
- Siwezi kukatia kwa Kisanifu, Sheng ni sexier… ( I can’t use standard Kiswahili, Sheng is more interesting.
Mixed Swahili-English (Kiswanglish) – a post-Ujamaa Tanzanian phenomenon
- How does “kwema” qualify you to be Tanzanian and “habari gani” doesn’t?
- In Tanzania we don’t speak that technical Swahili, we speak Kiinglish
Social Classes – East Africa
Dominating East African Businesses/Industry
- How is it possible that he owns everything?
- I’m not used to this brand
Middle Income Class
- I thought he was employed; it should be his right!
- But he has a job!
Small Scale Farmers
- But I thought agriculture is the leading industry!!
- But I was just trying to help
Dada wa kazi/kaka wa kazi (House -workers/Laborers)
- What do you mean she doesn’t get paid for overtime?
- But he’s my friend!
Youth In East Africa
Community Expectations of Youth
- He should be able to enjoy his vacation the way he wants.
- The family should understand and support him in his pursuit for a better life.
Challenges facing East African youth
- That should not be your business!
- You left your career to be a housewife?!
Youth and Leadership
- But he has a vision, why are you dismissing him?
- But he is more capable than all of the other candidates…
- Youth and Traditions/Customs
- Why should they have a say in what he wears?
- Why should she attend this event?
Participants’ Reflections on Fall Overseas Immersion Program in Arusha, Tanzania
Classroom Experience
- We already covered this in Gainesville!
Language Partner Experience
- This is a lot of time!
Host Family Experience
- I don’t need to be treated like a child.
Navigating Arusha
- I managed to make it to town by a dala dala, now how do I get to my destination?
Technologies & Media in East Africa
Mobile Phone Evolution
- Why is she insisting on escorting me to my destination? I have Google Maps!
- Why are they using two mobile phones?
Renewable Energy
- Another blackout?
- Can I manage to live without electricity?
Local Film Industry
- Why is the quality of the film still so poor?
- This is not the Dar es Salaam, I know!
Mobile Phone Applications for specific needs
- How am I supposed to pay my bills with an App that’s not working?
- But they promised delivery…!
Acknowledgements
The materials developed for this project were originally created with federal funding during the period 2017 through 2020. These materials remain available to the public thanks to the support from the Center for Language & Technology at the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa. The names and affiliations listed below correspond to the grant period.
Project Leads
Tunde Akinyemi, University of Florida
James Essegbey, University of Florida
Charles Bwenge, University of Florida
Academic Oversight
Tunde Akinyemi, University of Florida
Instructional Design Specialists
Suzanne Freynik, The Language Flagship Technology Innovation Center
Richard Medina, The Language Flagship Technology Innovation Center
Editor
Charles Bwenge, University of Florida
Content Authors
Said Omar Said, MS Training Centre for Development Cooperation, Usa River, Arusha, Tanzania
Mahiri Mwita, Princeton University
Carley Kwiatkowski, Independent Researcher/Scholar, Tanzania
Catherine Mossi, MS Training Center for Development Cooperation, Usa River, Arusha, Tanzania
Beatrice Marandu, MS Training Center for Development Cooperation, Usa River, Arusha, Tanzania
Content Reviewers
Rose Lugano, University of Florida
Mahiri Mwita, Princeton University
Sarah Dale, MS Training Center for Development of Cooperation, Usa River, Arusha, Tanzania
Data and Content Entry
Khumo N. Senuku, University of Florida
Pierre William Blanc, University of Florida
Consultants
Valerie Anishchenkova, University of Maryland
Deanna T. Clement, University of Wisconsin, Madison
Ryan Doud, University of Wisconsin, Madison
Karen Evans-Romaine, University of Wisconsin, Madison
Laura J. Hammond, University of Wisconsin, Madison
Julio C. Rodriguez, The Language Flagship Technology Innovation Center
Images
Said Omar Said, MS Training Center for Development Cooperation
Erick Siwango, MS Training Center for Development Cooperation, Usa River, Arusha, Tanzania
Twaha Bitabwa, MS Training Center for Development Cooperation, Us River, Arusha, Tanzania
Edward Nnko, The National Kiswahili Council, Tanzania
Gervas Damas, Institute of Accountancy, Arusha, Tanzania
Daniel Samwel, Freelance Photographer, Tanzania
This website and the SitchLab application were developed and are maintained by the Center for Language & Technology at the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa. The views, interpretations, and other content presented on this website or through the SitchLab application are solely those of the authors and contributors and do not necessarily represent the official position, policy, or views of the U.S. Government. Reference to, or support for, this project by any U.S. Government agency does not constitute or imply official endorsement of the content, products, services, or viewpoints presented herein.
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